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Copper, 29Cu
Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image/alt
Copper
Appearancereid-orange metallic luster
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Cu)63.546(3)[1]
Copper in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
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Cu

Ag
nickelcopperzinc
Atomic nummer (Z)29
Groupgroup 11
Periodperiod 4
Blockd-block
Element category  Transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 1
Pheesical properties
Phase at STPsolit
Meltin pynt1357.77 K ​(1084.62 °C, ​1984.32 °F)
Bylin pynt2835 K ​(2562 °C, ​4643 °F)
Density (near r.t.)8.96 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)8.02 g/cm3
Heat o fusion13.26 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation300.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.440 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1509 1661 1850 2089 2404 2834
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−2, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.90
Ionisation energies
Atomic radiusempirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius132±4 pm
Van der Waals radius140 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range
Colour lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines o copper
Ither properties
Naitural occurrenceprimordial
Creestal structurface-centred cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic creestal structur for copper
Speed o soond thin rod(annealed)
3810 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion16.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity401 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity16.78 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderindiamagnetic[3]
Young's modulus110–128 GPa
Shear modulus48 GPa
Bulk modulus140 GPa
Poisson ratio0.34
Mohs haurdness3.0
Vickers haurdness369 MPa
Brinell haurdness35 HB = 874 MPa
CAS Nummer7440-50-8
History
DiskiveryMiddle Eastrens (9000 BC)
Main isotopes o copper
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
63Cu 69.15% stable
64Cu syn 12.700 h ε 64Ni
β 64Zn
65Cu 30.85% stable
67Cu syn 61.83 h β 67Zn
| references
style="text-align:left"|
in calc from C diff report ref
C 1084.62
K 1357.77 1357.77 0
F 1984.32 1984.32 0
WD 1981 Fahrenheit 1085 Celsius Edit this at Wikidata
input C: 1084.62, K: 1357.77, F: 1984.32
comment
style="text-align:left"|
in calc from C diff report ref
C 2562
K 2835 2835 0
F 4643 4644 -1 delta
WD 4703 Fahrenheit 2595 Celsius Edit this at Wikidata [4]
input C: 2562, K: 2835, F: 4643
comment

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.
  3. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  4. "COPPER"; date retrieved: 14 Juin 2019.